Ontem foi um dia histórico, por menos para Mark Zuckerberg e o Facebook, ao entregarem o pedido de IPO para a empresa entrar em bolsa. Após analise de toda a documentação pela SEC (Securities & Exchange Commission), processo esse que normalmente leva até 4 meses, será mais que certo Facebook entre na bolsa no mês de Maio.
Este passo tem consequências para as empresas, especialmente no caso do Facebook, por toda a informação que se procurava ter e a especulação criada em torno da empresa e do seu suposto fundador. Agora sabe-se (quase) tudo.
Sem ser as fotografias privadas que foram reveladas, ironicamente por um erro do seu próprio Facebook, pouco se soube mais sobre Zuckerberg. Agora tudo mudou.
O que ficamos a saber:
- Honorários, bónus e “extras”: Mark Zuckerberg ganhou em 2011, $483,333 como salário base, $220,500 como bónus e mais outras “compensações” no valor de $783,529, do qual $700,000 foram gastos em jactos privados – lá vai a imagem do eco-friendly geek que vive uma vida modesta. Mas quem ganhou mais, muito mais, foi a COO Sheryl Sandberg que mesmo com um salário base de $300,000 conseguiu ainda $30,5 milhões de USD em stock. É de salientar que Sheryl Sandberg esteve presente durante o IPO do Google e agora vai estar no IPO do Facebook, cada IPO aumentando exponencialmente o seu valor.
- Os principais accionistas do Facebook são:
- Mark Zuckerberg – 1 bilião de ações: poder de votação 56,9%
- James Breyner (VC) – 201 milhões de ações
- Dustin Moskovitz (co-fundador) – 133,8 milhões de ações
- Goldman Sachs – 65,9 milhões de ações
- Peter Thiel (VC) – 44 milhões de ações
- Sheryl Sandberg – 1.9 milhões de ações
- Mark Zuckerberg tem 28,4% do Facebook – o seu ordenado em 2013 passa a ser $1 por ano.
- Facebook tem 845 milhões de utilizadores ativos, que acederam ao site por menos uma vez no ultimo mês. Metade desse valor, ou seja 483 milhões de utilizadores, acedem por dia ao site.
- Todos os dias, são publicadas 250 milhões de fotografias, 2,7 biliões de Likes clicados (não percebo então porque o Tudo Mudou não tem mais…) e comentários publicados na rede que aparentemente sabemos agora ter 100 biliões de relações de “amizade”.
- Facebook fechou o ano com exatamente $1 bilião de USD de lucro, levando alguns achar que esta é uma mensagem do Zuckerberg que ele controla tudo – a referencia vem do filme The Social Network, quando Sean Parker supostamente diz a Zuckerberg “What is cool is one billion dollars”. Dado que este valor pode ser apresentado de várias formas, ficaram todos curiosos com o numero exato de 1 bilião.
- Metade dos utilizadores acedem por mobile. Dos 845 milhões, 483 milhões acedem através de um dispositivo mobile.
- Facebook quer ter todos os 2 biliões de utilizadores de Internet do mundo conectados através da rede social. Mas o problema é que o crescimento está já a começar a diminuir – O crescimento em 2009 foi de 20%, 2010 de 10% e 2011 foi de menos que 9%.
- A publicidade que Facebook vende está a tornar-se ligeiramente mais valiosa para a empresa e a empresa tem uma menor dependência nela. Em 2009, publicidade representava 98% das receitas do Facebook, 95% em 2010 e 85% em 2011. Mas o crescimento da rede, o numero de anúncios subiu 42% e o seu preço 18%.
- A grande falha neste momento é a ausência de anúncios na sua estratégia mobile. Algo que vai ter que ser resolvido muito em breve.
- Facebook assume quais os seus riscos: legislação e censura de governos, Google +, bem como Twitter e Microsoft. Mas a sua dependência de terceiros como a Zynga (12% das receitas anuais) assume que o sucesso da Zynga continue de igual forma ou superior à própria plataforma. Mas o maior problema poderá mesmo ser o seu tamanho, saturando os mercados onde a maioria já é membro e não se sabe ainda se vão continuar a utilizar a rede com a mesma frequência. Facebook depende totalmente dos seus membros.
- O entusiasmo foi tanto para ver informação sobre o IPO do Facebook que o site da SEC morreu temporariamente pelo primeira vez por este tipo de motivo.
Mark Zuckerberg escreveu uma carta pessoal onde descreve a sua visão, a sua forma de trabalhar mas acima de tudo, um “aviso” para quem está a pensar investir na empresa. Algo naive mas bonito – Facebook marketing no seu melhor…
LETTER FROM MARK ZUCKERBERG
Facebook was not originally created to be a company. It was built to accomplish a social mission — to make the world more open and connected.
We think it’s important that everyone who invests in Facebook understands what this mission means to us, how we make decisions and why we do the things we do. I will try to outline our approach in this letter.
At Facebook, we’re inspired by technologies that have revolutionized how people spread and consume information. We often talk about inventions like the printing press and the television — by simply making communication more efficient, they led to a complete transformation of many important parts of society. They gave more people a voice. They encouraged progress. They changed the way society was organized. They brought us closer together.
Today, our society has reached another tipping point. We live at a moment when the majority of people in the world have access to the internet or mobile phones — the raw tools necessary to start sharing what they’re thinking, feeling and doing with whomever they want. Facebook aspires to build the services that give people the power to share and help them once again transform many of our core institutions and industries.
There is a huge need and a huge opportunity to get everyone in the world connected, to give everyone a voice and to help transform society for the future. The scale of the technology and infrastructure that must be built is unprecedented, and we believe this is the most important problem we can focus on.
We hope to strengthen how people relate to each other.
Even if our mission sounds big, it starts small — with the relationship between two people.
Personal relationships are the fundamental unit of our society. Relationships are how we discover new ideas, understand our world and ultimately derive long-term happiness.
At Facebook, we build tools to help people connect with the people they want and share what they want, and by doing this we are extending people’s capacity to build and maintain relationships.
People sharing more — even if just with their close friends or families — creates a more open culture and leads to a better understanding of the lives and perspectives of others. We believe that this creates a greater number of stronger relationships between people, and that it helps people get exposed to a greater number of diverse perspectives.
By helping people form these connections, we hope to rewire the way people spread and consume information. We think the world’s information infrastructure should resemble the social graph — a network built from the bottom up or peer-to-peer, rather than the monolithic, top-down structure that has existed to date. We also believe that giving people control over what they share is a fundamental principle of this rewiring.
We have already helped more than 800 million people map out more than 100 billion connections so far, and our goal is to help this rewiring accelerate.
We hope to improve how people connect to businesses and the economy.
We think a more open and connected world will help create a stronger economy with more authentic businesses that build better products and services.
As people share more, they have access to more opinions from the people they trust about the products and services they use. This makes it easier to discover the best products and improve the quality and efficiency of their lives.
One result of making it easier to find better products is that businesses will be rewarded for building better products — ones that are personalized and designed around people. We have found that products that are “social by design” tend to be more engaging than their traditional counterparts, and we look forward to seeing more of the world’s products move in this direction.
Our developer platform has already enabled hundreds of thousands of businesses to build higher-quality and more social products. We have seen disruptive new approaches in industries like games, music and news, and we expect to see similar disruption in more industries by new approaches that are social by design.
In addition to building better products, a more open world will also encourage businesses to engage with their customers directly and authentically. More than four million businesses have Pages on Facebook that they use to have a dialogue with their customers. We expect this trend to grow as well.
We hope to change how people relate to their governments and social institutions.
We believe building tools to help people share can bring a more honest and transparent dialogue around government that could lead to more direct empowerment of people, more accountability for officials and better solutions to some of the biggest problems of our time.
By giving people the power to share, we are starting to see people make their voices heard on a different scale from what has historically been possible. These voices will increase in number and volume. They cannot be ignored. Over time, we expect governments will become more responsive to issues and concerns raised directly by all their people rather than through intermediaries controlled by a select few.
Through this process, we believe that leaders will emerge across all countries who are pro-internet and fight for the rights of their people, including the right to share what they want and the right to access all information that people want to share with them.
Finally, as more of the economy moves towards higher-quality products that are personalized, we also expect to see the emergence of new services that are social by design to address the large worldwide problems we face in job creation, education and health care. We look forward to doing what we can to help this progress.
Our Mission and Our Business
As I said above, Facebook was not originally founded to be a company. We’ve always cared primarily about our social mission, the services we’re building and the people who use them. This is a different approach for a public company to take, so I want to explain why I think it works.
I started off by writing the first version of Facebook myself because it was something I wanted to exist. Since then, most of the ideas and code that have gone into Facebook have come from the great people we’ve attracted to our team.
Most great people care primarily about building and being a part of great things, but they also want to make money. Through the process of building a team — and also building a developer community, advertising market and investor base — I’ve developed a deep appreciation for how building a strong company with a strong economic engine and strong growth can be the best way to align many people to solve important problems.
Simply put: we don’t build services to make money; we make money to build better services.
And we think this is a good way to build something. These days I think more and more people want to use services from companies that believe in something beyond simply maximizing profits.
By focusing on our mission and building great services, we believe we will create the most value for our shareholders and partners over the long term — and this in turn will enable us to keep attracting the best people and building more great services. We don’t wake up in the morning with the primary goal of making money, but we understand that the best way to achieve our mission is to build a strong and valuable company.
This is how we think about our IPO as well. We’re going public for our employees and our investors. We made a commitment to them when we gave them equity that we’d work hard to make it worth a lot and make it liquid, and this IPO is fulfilling our commitment. As we become a public company, we’re making a similar commitment to our new investors and we will work just as hard to fulfill it.
The Hacker Way As part of building a strong company, we work hard at making Facebook the best place for great people to have a big impact on the world and learn from other great people. We have cultivated a unique culture and management approach that we call the Hacker Way.
The word “hacker” has an unfairly negative connotation from being portrayed in the media as people who break into computers. In reality, hacking just means building something quickly or testing the boundaries of what can be done. Like most things, it can be used for good or bad, but the vast majority of hackers I’ve met tend to be idealistic people who want to have a positive impact on the world.
The Hacker Way is an approach to building that involves continuous improvement and iteration. Hackers believe that something can always be better, and that nothing is ever complete. They just have to go fix it — often in the face of people who say it’s impossible or are content with the status quo.
Hackers try to build the best services over the long term by quickly releasing and learning from smaller iterations rather than trying to get everything right all at once. To support this, we have built a testing framework that at any given time can try out thousands of versions of Facebook. We have the words “Done is better than perfect” painted on our walls to remind ourselves to always keep shipping.
Hacking is also an inherently hands-on and active discipline. Instead of debating for days whether a new idea is possible or what the best way to build something is, hackers would rather just prototype something and see what works. There’s a hacker mantra that you’ll hear a lot around Facebook offices: “Code wins arguments.”
Hacker culture is also extremely open and meritocratic. Hackers believe that the best idea and implementation should always win — not the person who is best at lobbying for an idea or the person who manages the most people.
To encourage this approach, every few months we have a hackathon, where everyone builds prototypes for new ideas they have. At the end, the whole team gets together and looks at everything that has been built. Many of our most successful products came out of hackathons, including Timeline, chat, video, our mobile development framework and some of our most important infrastructure like the HipHop compiler.
To make sure all our engineers share this approach, we require all new engineers — even managers whose primary job will not be to write code — to go through a program called Bootcamp where they learn our codebase, our tools and our approach. There are a lot of folks in the industry who manage engineers and don’t want to code themselves, but the type of hands-on people we’re looking for are willing and able to go through Bootcamp.
The examples above all relate to engineering, but we have distilled these principles into five core values for how we run Facebook:
Focus on Impact
If we want to have the biggest impact, the best way to do this is to make sure we always focus on solving the most important problems. It sounds simple, but we think most companies do this poorly and waste a lot of time. We expect everyone at Facebook to be good at finding the biggest problems to work on.
Move Fast
Moving fast enables us to build more things and learn faster. However, as most companies grow, they slow down too much because they’re more afraid of making mistakes than they are of losing opportunities by moving too slowly. We have a saying: “Move fast and break things.” The idea is that if you never break anything, you’re probably not moving fast enough.
Be Bold
Building great things means taking risks. This can be scary and prevents most companies from doing the bold things they should. However, in a world that’s changing so quickly, you’re guaranteed to fail if you don’t take any risks. We have another saying: “The riskiest thing is to take no risks.” We encourage everyone to make bold decisions, even if that means being wrong some of the time.
Be Open
We believe that a more open world is a better world because people with more information can make better decisions and have a greater impact. That goes for running our company as well. We work hard to make sure everyone at Facebook has access to as much information as possible about every part of the company so they can make the best decisions and have the greatest impact.
Build Social Value
Once again, Facebook exists to make the world more open and connected, and not just to build a company. We expect everyone at Facebook to focus every day on how to build real value for the world in everything they do.
Thanks for taking the time to read this letter. We believe that we have an opportunity to have an important impact on the world and build a lasting company in the process. I look forward to building something great together.
[signed Mark Zuckerberg]
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